Reader-Response Theory and Criticism | The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism
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چکیده
Reader-response criticism maintains that the interpretive activities of readers, rather than the author’s intention or the text’s structure, explain a text’s significance and aesthetic value. Biographical accounts of how a writer responds to his or her critics initiated this kind of criticism. That is, since a writer may respond to commentary provided by friends, reviewers, or critics, biographers assumed that the study of these responses helps to explain how and why the style, ideas, aims, or forms of the writer evolved (see, e.g. , McGann 24). Modern versions of this criticism emerged in the 1970s, in reaction against the hegemonic NEW CRITICISM, which reduced accounts of the reader’s responses to the infamous "affective fallacy " and treated the devices and structures of the text as purely objective. The modern versions include psychological and theoretical accounts of the reader’s activity and sociohistorical accounts of a text’s interpretations or an author’s reception. The psychological and theoretical accounts preserve the scientific objectivity of the critic or the transformative force of textual or aesthetic norms, whereas the historical accounts of literary reception limit or repudiate aesthetic norms and examine the reader’s social or institutional context, what STANLEY FISH terms his or her "interpretive community. "
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